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Haiwu in Action: A Comprehensive Guide to Data Room Water Supply and Drainage and Fire System Transformation!

Publication Date:2024-01-09

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Section 1 Requirements for water supply and drainage renovation of data rooms

1. The data room is a place that provides an operating environment for electronic information equipment, and needs to install a variety of IT equipment and maintain continuous operation 24 hours a day. The interruption of data room business may lead to significant economic losses, so the reliability and security of the data room building have high requirements for its infrastructure.

2. The water supply and drainage design of the data computer room includes water supply design, circulating cooling water system design, and drainage design. The water supply and drainage design content related to the computer room process varies with different projects. This depends on the different requirements of each project owner for the computer room process.

3. In addition to meeting the current national and local specifications, the water supply and drainage design of the data room also needs to meet the requirements of the computer room technology major.

Section 2 Water supply and drainage transformation of indirect evaporative cooling air conditioning equipment

1. Water requirements: reduce the outdoor air inlet temperature with the help of spray water evaporation, further use the natural cold source, and achieve the supply air temperature to meet the requirements of the computer room through circulating water spraying.

2. Schematic diagram of the water supply and drainage points of AHU indirect evaporative cooling energy-saving unit:

3. The water supply of AHU indirect evaporative cooling energy-saving unit adopts a double-way ring water supply, and a valve is added to the air conditioning equipment. The drainage pipe is laid close to the ground and leads to the nearest floor drain. The drainage riser is set separately and cannot be used with rainwater pipes. The drainage pipe layout should meet the requirements of Article 12.1.3 of the GB50174-2017 Data Center Design Code, and the relevant water supply and drainage pipes should not be arranged above the electronic information equipment. Humidifiers and floor drains should be installed in the corresponding position of the water retaining cofferdam, and the height of the retaining cofferdam is usually calculated according to 200mm.

Take the renovation of water supply and drainage pipelines in a data center as an example, as shown in the figure below:

Section 3 Water supply and drainage transformation of precision air conditioning units between air-cooled trains

1. The condensate drainage of the precision air conditioner between the columns adopts the method of merging and draining to the nearest floor drain, which can be used with the humidifier drainage floor drain. A separate riser is set at the position of the humidifier.

2. In the renovation of the computer room, the setting of floor drains is particularly important. Article 12.2.3 of the Data Center Design Code GB50174-2017 stipulates that when the main computer room and auxiliary areas are equipped with floor drains, clean room special floor drains or self-closing floor drains should be used, and water sealing devices should be added under the water seal floor drain, and the water seal depth should not be less than 50mm, and measures should be taken to prevent water seal damage and overflow.

The case is as follows:

Section 4 Analysis of key points of cooling tower water supply and drainage transformation

1. In order to consider the safety of water replenishment, the water replenishment pipe is arranged in a ring, and the water replenishment pipe connected to the cold tower is equipped with a valve.

2. The drainage of the cold tower is set up with a separate riser and discharged to the outdoor sewage pipe network, according to Article 3.11.18 of the GB50015-2019 "Design Standard for Building Water Supply and Drainage", the drainage of the circulating cooling water system should be discharged into the outdoor sewage pipe network, and shall not be directly discharged into the rainwater pipe.

3. The cooling tower of the data room runs all year round, and effective measures must be taken to prevent freezing for severe cold areas. 1) The cooling water pipe on the roof and the water supply pipe of the cooling tower are equipped with electric heat tracing and insulation, and the electric heating rod is installed in the cooling tower tank to ensure that the water in the tank will not freeze when the machine is stopped, and the electric heat tracing is supplied according to the fire load.

2) In severe cold areas, the cooling tower drainage should be directly discharged to the outdoor sewer through the indoor drainage pipe, and the roof drainage pipe should also be equipped with electric heat tracing and insulation.

The case is as follows:

Section 5 Setting of Demineralized Water Treatment Equipment and Dementified Water Tank

1. When renovating the computer room, the water storage capacity needs to be considered. According to Article 12.1.4 of the GB50174-2017 Data Center Design Code, Class A data centers can store water for 12 hours. Retrofit projects can be determined based on factors such as data center criticality levels and site constraints.

2. When renovating the computer room, it is necessary to choose a reasonable water treatment process according to the water quality conditions of the water source. The water quality of indirect evaporative cooling and air conditioning equipment shall meet the provisions of Article 4.4 of GB/T 29044-2012 of "Water Quality of Heating and Air Conditioning Systems". Specific manufacturers may have different water quality requirements, but they should be higher than the specification requirements. Taking Haiwu products as an example, the water quality indicators that need to be met for the water replenishment of Haiwu AHU indirect evaporative cooling energy-saving unit are as follows:

3. When using municipal tap water supply and AHU indirect evaporation cooling air conditioning equipment for cooling, then it is necessary to consider softening treatment equipment and softening the water tank. It needs to be equipped with a separate equipment room, and it is not recommended to put it outdoors (there is a problem of anti-freezing in the north, and there is a problem of heat pollution in the south). Try to find an existing free room on the ground as a computer room, the above-ground space is really limited, you can consider outdoors as a basement.

Taking the actual project as an example, the outdoor underground storage volume of 450m³ of water is compared as follows:

4. Supplementary key matters:

1) In addition to meeting the amount and head of water replenishment, the water replenishment equipment should also consider the safety of water replenishment. The water replenishment equipment should be considered as a backup, and the water refill equipment should be able to absorb water from the two replenishment tanks separately, and the equipment outlet pipe should be arranged in a ring.

2) When municipal reclaimed water is used as the supplementary water source, the municipal reclaimed water should adopt a deep treatment process. After clarifying the water quality requirements for replenishment, the municipal reclaimed water treatment process depends on the municipal reclaimed water quality. The municipal reclaimed water quality is different, and the treatment process is different. If only the organic indicators of municipal reclaimed water exceed the standard, the treatment process is: raw water → conditioning tank→ booster pump→ ozone reaction tank→ activated carbon filter tank→ disinfection → clean water pool. If there are inorganic salt indicators such as hardness and conductivity that exceed the standard, the water ion exchange process and the double-membrane process (ultrafiltration (UF) + reverse osmosis (RO)) should be used to meet the requirements of reducing hardness and desalination, so that the effluent quality can meet the design indicators.

3) Key equipment such as softening unit and desalting double-membrane process unit should be configured for one use and one standby. The whole process system is equipped with online monitoring equipment for water quality, which monitors the COD, PH, hardness and conductivity of the effluent online.

Section 6 Transformation of the fire protection system of the computer room

1. In the design of fire extinguishing, the principle of "people-oriented, efficient fire extinguishing" should be adhered to. Combined with economic, functional and environmental protection requirements, the fire extinguishing system should be reasonably selected with reference to the corresponding specifications. If a system that exceeds the specification is adopted, it must be fully demonstrated.

2. Since the data room is mainly composed of various power supply and power equipment, the fire in the data room usually occurs for the following reasons: 1. The initial fire caused by overheating of cables, relays, circuit boards and signal processing equipment; 2. Equipment failure and fire, such as the AC/DC conversion link of the UPS, the short circuit of the battery pack terminal, and the electric heater of the air conditioning equipment will cause fire; 3. Fires caused by environmental and human factors, such as lightning strikes, electrostatic discharge, live operation during wiring operation, etc. In view of the above characteristics, it is crucial to transform the fire protection system of the data room.

3. For the data room renovation project, it is basically a partial transformation on the basis of the original fire protection system. According to the fifth paragraph of Article 8.3.9 of the Building Design Fire Protection Code GB50016-2014, it is necessary to set up a gas fire extinguishing system in the main computer room and the recorded magnetic (paper) medium library in the computer room of the computer room of the A and B electronic information systems. Articles 13.1.2 and 13.1.3 of the Data Center Design Code GB50174-2017 stipulate that the main engine room of a Class A data center should be equipped with a gas fire extinguishing system.

The design example of pipe network gas fire extinguishing system is as follows:

Real scene between cylinders:

Application scenario diagram:

Examples of cabinet heptafluoropropane gas fire extinguishing system design are as follows:

Illustration of cabinet type heptafluoropropane gas fire extinguishing device:

Pressure relief port settings:

According to Article 3.2.7 of the Design Code for Gas Fire Extinguishing Systems GB50370-2005, pressure relief ports should be provided in the protected area. For safety reasons, the same protective area should use pressure relief ports of relevant specifications, and pressure relief ports should be evenly distributed on the wall that can relieve pressure. The lower edge of the pressure relief port is not less than 2/3 of the net height of the protection area, and it is recommended to install the upper edge of the beam. Usually a mechanical pressure relief valve is used, and the pressure relief area is adjustable, as shown below:

Matters to be paid attention to in fire renovation:

1) According to Article 3.2.4 of the Design Code for Gas Fire Extinguishing Systems GB50370-2005, when using a pipe network fire extinguishing system, the area of a protective area should not be greater than 800 square meters, and the volume should not be greater than 3600 m³; when using a prefabricated fire extinguishing system, the area of a protective area should not be greater than 500 square meters, and the volume should not be greater than 1600 m³.

2) The protection distance of the pipe network type heptafluoropropane gas fire extinguishing system is short, and it is often used in small protection areas, independent protection areas, and places where the distance between cylinders and the protection area is close. IG541 gas fire extinguishing system has a long protection distance and is often used in large-scale projects and large-scale combined distribution projects. The heptafluoropropane system is initially selected in the engineering design, and the length of the conveying pipeline is the distance from the outlet of the decompression orifice plate to the farthest sprinkler, and its range is 40~60m. The IG541 system is preliminarily selected, and the length of the conveying pipeline is the distance from the outlet of the decompression orifice plate to the farthest nozzle, and its range is 70~90m for the primary filling system. The secondary charging system is 100~120m.

3) The cabinet type heptafluoropropane gas fire extinguishing device can be arranged according to the protection radius not greater than 7.5m. The total number of cabinets required can be distributed evenly according to the protection distance.

Fire extinguisher design requirements:

1) According to Article 3.1.2 of the GB50140-2005 Code for the Configuration and Design of Building Fire Extinguishers, the fire in the computer room area and substation room in the data room belongs to Class E fire (live fire).

2) The danger level of the fire extinguisher configuration site of industrial buildings should be divided according to the fire risk of production, use and storage of items, the number of combustibles, the speed of fire spread, the difficulty of extinguishing and other factors. The computer room area, power battery room, transformer and distribution room, etc. are considered according to the serious risk level, and the rest of the parts are considered according to the medium risk level.

3) For details on the selection of fire extinguisher types, please refer to Article 4.2.5 of the specification, and Class E fire sites should choose ammonium phosphate dry powder fire extinguishers and carbon dioxide fire extinguishers, but carbon dioxide fire extinguishers equipped with metal horn barrels should not be selected.

4) In summary, the fire extinguisher configuration in the machine room area is designed according to the serious risk level of Class E fire, using a 30kg trolley carbon dioxide fire extinguisher, with a maximum protection distance of 18m; There are no less than two computing units in one unit. The substation and distribution room, battery room, etc. are equipped with fire extinguishers according to the serious danger level E fire, and 2 portable ammonium phosphate salt dry powder fire extinguishers of 3A class 5kg are placed in each place, with a maximum protection distance of 15 meters, and two are set at each setting point; The rest of the parts are equipped with fire extinguishers according to medium-risk Class A fire places, and two 2A 4kg portable ammonium phosphate salt dry powder fire extinguishers are placed in each place, with a maximum protection distance of 20 meters, and two are set up at each setting point.

Fire extinguisher arrangement:

1) The fire extinguisher should be set in a place where the location is obvious and easy to access, and shall not affect the safe evacuation.

2) The placement of the fire extinguisher should be stable, and its nameplate should be facing outward. The portable fire extinguisher should be set in the fire extinguisher box or on the hook or bracket, and the height of the top from the ground should not be more than 1.50m, and the height of the bottom from the ground should not be less than 0.08m. The fire extinguisher box must not be locked.

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